The paper introduces a H-DDCP with BESS coordination for multi-area power grids, addressing power balance, frequency stability, and enabling scalable plug-and-play operation. It combines hierarchical control with distributed optimization and ADMM for tie-line power flow management.
Key findings
The proposed framework reduces operational costs by 15-25% while maintaining frequency deviations within ±0.05Hz.
Addresses challenges in maintaining power balance and frequency stability across geographically distributed control areas.
Enables coordination of heterogeneous BESS assets while preserving privacy and ensuring state-of-charge balancing.
Limitations & open questions
The paper does not discuss the potential impact of extreme events on the proposed control protocol.
The scalability of the framework in real-world implementation with a very large number of participants is not fully explored.